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Knowledge Library · 10 topics

Analytical Electrochemistry, Kinetics and Sensors

CV simulation, RDE/RRDE and Levich analysis, pulsed techniques (SWV/DPV/NPV), double-layer capacitance, QCM and spectroelectrochemistry coupling.

Battery – Application Note 7SP-300VMP → VMP-3eVMP-300VSP-300

How is a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) experiment done with a bipotentiostat?

Synchronous operation of the two channels of the SP-300/VSP-300/VMP-300 in bipotentiostat mode; ring collection efficiency and ORR examples.

Sections of the note: Introduction · Description and Principle · Experimental Part · Results · Conclusion

Current model: Legacy VMP series; current counterparts are the VMP-3e / VMP-300.
Download PDF Source: biologic.net · Updated: September 28, 2026
Electrochemistry – Application Note 12

How is electrochemistry coupled with UV-Vis spectroscopy (spectroelectrochemistry)?

Potential-dependent absorbance of a polypyrrole film; spectrometer triggering and data synchronisation with EC-Lab®.

Sections of the note: Introduction · Experimental Part · Electropolymerization · Spectro-Electrochemistry · Results and Discussion · Conclusion

Related products:SP-300EC-Lab®
Download PDF Source: biologic.net · Updated: September 25, 2026
Electrochemistry –  Application Note 13

How is mass measured during film deposition with QCM coupling?

Mass-charge relationship with EQCM during polypyrrole electropolymerisation; Sauerbrey equation and analogue-input synchronisation.

Sections of the note: Introduction · Experimental Part · Electropolymerization · Mass Variation Measurements · QCM Input Signal Configuration in Ec-Lab® · Results and Discussion

Current model: For the BluQCM product group, please consult Entek.
Related products:SP-300EC-Lab®
Download PDF Source: biologic.net · Updated: January 31, 2024
Corrosion – Application Note 21VSP → VSP

How is the double-layer capacitance measured?

Comparison of Cdl determination by CV, EIS and current step; moving on to true surface area and roughness factor.

Sections of the note: Introduction · Experimental Conditions · Impedance Theory · Impedance Results and Analysis · Cyclic Voltammetry Results And Analysis · Conclusion

Current model: The VSP is still available in the Essential range; for energy applications the VSP-3e is recommended.
Related products:SP-300VSPEC-Lab®
Download PDF Source: biologic.net · Updated: November 14, 2023
Kinetics AN41-1

CV Sim 1: How does the scan rate affect the voltammogram of a simple redox reaction?

Simulation of reversible/quasi-reversible/irreversible behaviour; peak separation and the relationship between peak current and scan rate.

Sections of the note: Introduction · Definitions · Description of CVSim · Kinetic study of the (E) redox reaction using variable scan rates · The reversible (or Nernstian) behaviour · The irreversible behaviour

Related products:EC-Lab®SP-50e
Download PDF Source: biologic.net · Updated: January 31, 2024
Kinetics AN41-2

CV Sim 2: How do ohmic drop and double-layer capacitance distort the voltammogram?

The effect of IR drop on peak shift and of Cdl on capacitive current by simulation; reference curves for interpreting experimental data.

Sections of the note: Introduction · Background · The double layer capacitance · Electrolyte resistance and the ohmic drop · Effect of Cdl · Effect of RΩ

Related products:EC-Lab®
Download PDF Source: biologic.net · Updated: September 28, 2026
Spectroelectrochemistry AN52

How is UV-Vis, NIR and IR spectroelectrochemistry done with the UFS-SEC cell?

Structure of the thin-layer spectroelectrochemical cell, electrode options and in-situ measurement examples with EC-Lab®.

Sections of the note: Introduction · Experimental considerations · Measurement · General considerations · UV-Visible · Infrared

Download PDF Source: biologic.net · Updated: January 31, 2024
Kinetics AN56BluRev

How is reaction kinetics measured with Levich and Koutecký-Levich analyses?

RDE voltammetry with the BluRev rotator; diffusion coefficient, electron number and kinetic constant with the EC-Lab® Levich and K-L tools.

Sections of the note: Introduction · ROTATING DISK ELECTRODE EXPERIMENT: LEVICH CRITERION · AIM AND PRINCIPLES · EXPERIMENT · ANALYSIS · ROTATING DISK ELECTRODE EXPERIMENT: KOUTECKÝ-LEVICH EXTRAPOLATION

Download PDF Source: biologic.net · Updated: September 25, 2026
Electrochemistry –  Application Note 66BluRevVMP → VMP-3e

EIS on an RDE 1: How is the diffusion coefficient determined with the new Winf element?

Convection-diffusion impedance on a rotating disk; extraction of the diffusion coefficient with the Winf element in Z Fit.

Sections of the note: Introduction · EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS · ELECTROLYTE · SET-UP · RESULTS · ANALYSIS

Current model: Legacy VMP series; current counterparts are the VMP-3e / VMP-300.
Related products:BluRevVMP-3e
Download PDF Source: biologic.net · Updated: July 3, 2026
Sensor –  Application Note 67VMP-300VMP3 → VMP-3e

How are pulsed techniques (SWV, DPV, NPV) used in sensors and electroanalysis?

Principles of square-wave, differential-pulse and normal-pulse voltammetry, parameter selection and trace-analysis examples in EC-Lab®.

Sections of the note: Introduction · THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION · 1 NPV (NORMAL PULSE VOLTAMMETRY) · 2 DPV (DIFFERENTIAL PULSE VOLTAMMETRY) · 3 SWV (SQUARE WAVE VOLTAMMETRY) · EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

Current model: The VMP3 has been discontinued; its current counterpart is the 16-channel VMP-3e.
Download PDF Source: biologic.net · Updated: May 22, 2024

Products related to this class

SP-50e
Bio-LogicEssential

SP-50e

Cost-effective and easy to use — for teaching and general use
  • 1 channel, ±10 V, ±1 A (down to 20 nA)
  • Built-in EIS option: up to 1 MHz
  • Compact, easy-to-use chassis
SP-150e
Bio-LogicEssential

SP-150e

Research-grade workstation — expandable up to 800 A
  • 2 slots: second channel or bipotentiostat for RRDE
  • Up to 800 A with external boosters
  • EIS 1 MHz, EIS Quality Indicators
SP-300
Bio-LogicPremium

SP-300

Fast, accurate, stable and modular — grows with your research
  • 2 slots: second channel, bipotentiostat (RRDE) or internal booster
  • Internal booster boards: ±1 A/±48 V, ±2 A/±30 V, ±4 A/[-3;14] V, ±10 A/[-1;6] V
  • EIS 10 µHz – 11 MHz
BluRev
Bio-Logic

BluRev

±1 RPM accuracy, wide range of RDE and RRDE tips
  • ±1 RPM accuracy
  • RDE, RRDE and interchangeable-disc tips
  • Synchronized control with EC-Lab®
Electrodes
Bio-Logic

Electrodes

Carbon, Pt, Au, Ag, Pd, Ni, Cu, Fe, BDD — PEEK insulated
  • Working electrode materials: C, Pt, Au, Ag, Pd, Ni, Cu, Fe, carbon paste, BDD
  • Active area: 5 / 3 / 1.6 / 1 mm
  • Pt, Au, Ni counter electrodes; Pt gauze electrode
Electrochemical Cells
Bio-Logic

Electrochemical Cells

From 150 µL to 1 L, from -20 °C to 120 °C
  • Small-volume analytical cells (150 µL – 100 mL)
  • Large-volume cells (80 / 150 mL), RDE compatible
  • Corrosion: standard, Avesta, flat, galvanic, plate and coating cells
Polarographic Analyzer
Entek Elektronik

Polarographic Analyzer

DC, sampled DC, pulse and differential pulse polarography
  • Initial potential −5 … +5 V, 1 mV resolution; absolute scale accuracy 0.25%
  • Scan rate 1 – 500 mV/s; scan range ΔE = 0.75 / 1.5 / 3 V
  • Modes: DC, Sampled DC, Pulse, Differential Pulse
RDE-4 — Rotating Disc Electrode System
Entek ElektronikRDE

RDE-4 — Rotating Disc Electrode System

Digital speed control, timed gas purge and gas blanket line; remote control from the potentiostat — compatible with all potentiostats
  • Digital speed control; LOCAL / SET / REMOTE operation
  • Remote speed control: 0 – 10 V analog input = 0 – 10,000 RPM; analog speed output
  • ROTATE and PURGE logic inputs; active level (0/1) configurable

Would you like to set up this measurement in your laboratory?

Contact our technical team for the suitable instrument, cell and software configuration.

Quotation and technical consulting